Washed, Natural, Honey and Beyond

How Coffee Processing Changes Everything

Specialty coffee labels tell you a lot about how the coffee was processed. You’ll often see terms like washed, natural, and honey processed—and lately, more experimental methods like anaerobic fermentation and co-fermentation.

If you’ve ever wondered what those mean, we’re here to demystify the jargon and help you understand how each method impacts the flavors in your cup.

What Is a Coffee Bean?

First, it helps to understand that coffee is a plant. It grows as a tree that produces berries, similar to cherries. Inside each berry are seeds—what we call coffee beans surrounded by layers of skin and pulp.

What Is a Natural Process Coffee?

In the natural process, the coffee cherry is picked at its ripest point and set out to dry whole. Nothing is removed. The entire cherry—with the bean inside—is laid out on patios or raised beds to dry and ferment. Once dried completely, the skin is removed, exposing the green coffee bean.

How Natural Processing Affects Flavor

Leaving the fruit on during drying gives the coffee fruity and floral notes, often with bright berry flavors, caramel sweetness, and a complex aroma. These coffees are bold and expressive.

Try our naturals: Ethiopia, Brazil, Drift, Trailhead, and our Special Reserve Geisha Surma .

What Is a Honey Process Coffee?

In honey processing, the skin is removed from the ripe coffee cherry, but the sticky inner pulp (mucilage) is left on during drying. This method sits between natural and washed processing and is especially common in Costa Rica and parts of Central America.

How Honey Processing Affects Flavor

Honey-processed coffees often have a jammy, fruity profile with a creamy body and balanced sweetness. They’re typically less fruity than naturals, but richer than washed coffees.

We offer a Special Reserve Geisha Surma that is honey processed.

What Is a Washed Process Coffee?

In the washed process, ripe cherries are pulped within 24 hours of harvest to remove the skin and mucilage. The beans are then soaked and fermented in water until clean, then dried to around 11% moisture.

How Washed Processing Affects Flavor

Washed coffees highlight clarity and acidity. They range from mild and clean to bright and crisp, depending on origin and roast.

Favorites in this category are Colombia, Nicaragua, Peru Decaf, and Echo Half Caff

What Is Anaerobic Fermentation?

“Anaerobic” means without oxygen. In this process, coffee cherries (or pulped beans) are sealed in tanks where they ferment without air. Time, temperature, and pressure are all carefully controlled.

How Anaerobic Fermentation Affects Flavor

Anaerobic coffees are known for boozy, wine-like, or funky notes. Expect fruit-forward, complex flavors—some are wild, others more subtle.

Found in our Special Reserve Pepe Jijon SyOxy and TyOxy—both include anaerobic steps .

What Is a Co-Fermented Coffee?

In co-fermentation, coffee is fermented with added fruit (like orange peel, berries, or tropical fruit) to intentionally alter the flavor.

How Co-Fermentation Affects Flavor

The result is often extremely fruity, tea-like, and aromatic—a sensory experience that pushes the boundaries of traditional coffee.

This process is still experimental and not widely available—watch our shop for future releases.

What Is Sugar Cane Process Decaffeination?

Sugar cane decaf (also known as EA or ethyl acetate decaf) uses a naturally occurring compound in fruit to remove caffeine.

Here’s how it works:
1. Coffee is gently steamed to open its pores.
2. It’s soaked in an ethyl acetate solution.
3. EA bonds to the caffeine and is drained off.
4. The process is repeated for ~8 hours.
5. The coffee is re-steamed to remove any remaining EA.

How It Affects Flavor

This method preserves flavor extremely well—which is why we use it for all our decaf offerings.

Decafs we love: Colombia, Peru, and Echo Half Caff.

Final Thoughts

Understanding processing helps you discover coffees you truly love. Whether you’re into bright and clean or wild and fruity, the journey from cherry to cup makes all the difference.

If you’re ready to explore, check out our full collection of processed coffees visit halfmilecoffee.com

Still Curious?